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(2016-10-06) 2013 Census data reports populations for Komo-Océan and Owendo in Estuaire provence. So I have added those departments here.

Sorin Cosoveanu reports that two new departments were formed in 2006-04. They are Cap Estérias and Komo-Océan, both split from Komo-Mondah.

I've added populations according to the 2003 census, from a document (source [8]) sent by Sorin Cosoveanu.

Gabon is divided into provinces, which are subdivided into départements (departments). I found a number of sources for the departments of Gabon (sources [2-7], and Wikipedia), but they disagree with each other. The SALB data seem to cover the facts best, so they are the basis for the table below.

Department	HASC	Pop-2013	Pop-2003	Capital
Abanga-Bigné	GA.MO.AB	14,941	13,178	Ndjolé
Basse-Banio	GA.NY.BB	7,192	7,186	Mayumba
Bayi-Brikolo	GA.HO.BY	1,998	4,778	Aboumi
Bendjé	GA.OM.BD	140,747	112,424	Port-Gentil
Boumi-Louetsi	GA.NG.BM	13,223	22,854	Mbigou
Djoué	GA.HO.DJ	2,178	3,503	Onga
Djouori-Agnili	GA.HO.DA	4,210	4,301	Bongoville
Dola	GA.NG.DL	6,979	7,858	Ndendé
Douigny	GA.NY.DG	5,235	7,374	Moabi
Doutsila	GA.NY.DT	4,623	3,920	Mabanda
Douya-Onoye	GA.NG.DY	37,699	23,144	Mouila
Etimboué	GA.OM.ET	5,723	6,818	Omboué
Haut-Komo	GA.WN.HK	3,403	6,266	Médouneu
Haut-Ntem	GA.WN.HN	10,838	16,843	Minvoul
Haute-Banio	GA.NY.HB	1,413	1,888	Ndindi
Ivindo	GA.OI.IV	31,073	27,933	Makokou
Komo	GA.ES.KO	17,575	12,690	Kango
Komo-Mondah	GA.ES.KM	90,096	104,875	Ntoum
Komo-Océan	GA.ES.KN	553
Lébombi-Léyou	GA.HO.LL	64,569	53,921	Moanda
Lékabi-Léwolo	GA.HO.LV	4,914	6,417	Ngouoni
Lékoko	GA.HO.LE	4,920	3,412	Bakoumba
Lékoni-Lékori	GA.HO.LN	10,028	8,978	Akiéni
Libreville	GA.ES.LV	703,940	538,195	Libreville
Lolo-Bouenguidi	GA.OL.LG	30,643	26,630	Koulamoutou
Lombo-Bouenguidi	GA.OL.LB	4,635	6,397	Pana
Lopé	GA.OI.LP	12,382	12,382	Booué
Louetsi-Bibaka	GA.NG.LI	2,734	3,680	Malinga
Louetsi-Wano	GA.NG.LW	9,750	12,849	Lébamba
Mongo	GA.NY.MN	2,602	3,792	Moulengui-Binza
Mougalaba	GA.NG.MB	1,490	2,571	Guiétsou
Mougoutsi	GA.NY.MT	31,789	26,137	Tchibanga
Mouloundou	GA.OL.ML	27,750	26,036	Lastoursville
Mpassa	GA.HO.MP	129,694	117,768	Franceville
Mvoung	GA.OI.MV	4,022	5,821	Ovan
Ndolou	GA.NG.NL	5,727	5,619	Mandji
Ndougou	GA.OM.NG	11,092	9,532	Gamba
Noya	GA.ES.NY	4,225	6,268	Cocobeach
Ntem	GA.WN.NT	49,712	44,222	Bitam
Offoué-Onoye	GA.OL.OO	2,743	5,471	Iboundji
Ogooué et Lacs	GA.MO.OL	54,346	47,812	Lambaréné
Ogooué-Létili	GA.HO.OT	2,791	4,043	Boumango
Ogoulou	GA.NG.OU	8,361	10,071	Mimongo
Okano	GA.WN.OK	16,630	16,447	Mitzic
Owendo	GA.ES.OW	79,300
Plateaux	GA.HO.PX	9,054	9,122	Lékoni
Sébé-Brikolo	GA.HO.SB	16,443	12,228	Okondja
Tsamba-Magotsi	GA.NG.TM	14,875	12,769	Fougamou
Woleu	GA.WN.WO	74,403	73,235	Oyem
Zadié	GA.OI.ZA	15,816	15,204	Mékambo
Department: Libreville is a commune or municipality. HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. The middle two letters identify the province. For key, see "Administrative Subdivisions of Countries". Pop-2013: 2013-10-01 census. Pop-2003: 2003-31-12 census.

 

The 2003 population figures come from source [8], with one correction. In the source, Lombo-Bouenguidi department is divided into two cantons and one commune, whose populations don't add up to the total population given for the department. Lombo-Bouenguidi department belongs to Ogooué-Lolo province. The populations given for the four departments of Ogooué-Lolo province don't add up to the total population given for the province. Adding 200 to the population of Lombo-Bouenguidi makes both totals come out right. The corrected figure is shown above.

Change history:

1975-12-18: Territorial administration of Gabon underwent a reform, resulting in the following 37 departments (source [1]).

Department	HASC	Capital
Abanga-Bigné	GA.MO.AB	Ndjolé
Basse-Banio	GA.NY.BB	Mayumba
Bendjé	GA.OM.BD	Port-Gentil
Boumi-Louetsi	GA.NG.BL	Mbigou
Dola	GA.NG.DL	Ndendé
Douigni	GA.NY.DG	Moabi
Douya-Onoy	GA.NG.DO	Mouila
Étimboué	GA.OM.ET	Omboué
Haute-Banio	GA.NY.HB	Ndindi
Haut-Komo	GA.WN.HK	Médouneu
Haut-Ntem	GA.WN.HN	Minvoul
Ivindo	GA.OI.IV	Makokou
Komo	GA.ES.KO	Kango
Komo-Mondah	GA.ES.KM	Ntoum
Léboumbi-Leyou	GA.HO.LL	Moanda
Léconi-Djoué	GA.HO.LD	Akiéni
Lékoko	GA.HO.LK	Bakoumba
Lolo-Bouenguidi	GA.OL.LO	Koulamoutou
Lombo-Bouenguidi	GA.OL.LB	Pana
Lopé	GA.OI.LP	Booué
Louetsi-Wano	GA.NG.LW	Lébamba
Mougoutsi	GA.NY.MG	Tchibanga
Mouloundou	GA.OL.ML	Lastoursville
Mpassa	GA.HO.MP	Franceville
Mvoung	GA.OI.MV	Ovan
Ndolou	GA.NG.NL	Mandji
Ndougou	GA.OM.NG	Gamba
Noya	GA.ES.NY	Cocobeach
Ntem	GA.WN.NT	Bitam
Ogooué et Lacs	GA.MO.OL	Lambaréné
Ogoulou	GA.NG.OU	Mimongo
Okano	GA.WN.OK	Mitzic
Plateaux	GA.HO.PL	Léconi
Sébé-Brikolo	GA.HO.SB	Okondja
Tsamba-Magotsi	GA.NG.TM	Fougamou
Woleu	GA.WN.WO	Oyem
Zadié	GA.OI.ZA	Mékambo
HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. The middle two letters identify the province. For key, see "Administrative Subdivisions of Countries".

1. ~1996-2000: Eleven new departments created. Sorin Cosoveanu has analyzed the splits as follows: Léconi-Djoué department split into Bayi-Brikolo, Djoué, Lékabi-Léwolo, and Lékoni-Lékori; Djouori-Agnili department split from Plateaux; Doutsila and Mongo departments split from Mougoutsi; Louetsi-Bibaka department split from Boumi-Louetsi; Mougalaba department split from Douya-Onoye; Offoué-Onoye department split from Lolo-Bouenguidi; Ogooué-Létili department split from Lékoko. Libreville commune may have existed before this date, but if not, it would have been split from Komo-Mondah. The resulting division is shown in the first table above.
2. 2006-01-04: Two new departments created in Estuaire province, apparently both split from Komo-Mondah: Komo Océan (capital Ndzomoe) and Cap-Estérias (capital Cap-Estérias).

Other names of subdivisions:

1. Bayi-Brikolo: Mbayi-Brikolo (variant)
2. Mouloundou: Mulundu (variant)
3. Sébé-Brikolo: Sébé-Brokolo (variant)

Sources:

1. [1] Géographie et Cartographie du Gabon: atlas illustré, by Jacques Barret, EDICEF, Paris, 1983.
2. [2] SALB project, attributed to Institut National de Cartographie; first draft dated 2000, second draft dated 2005, with updates made 2003-01-15 (Libreville, correcting a misunderstanding) and 2003-04-03 (Bayi-Brikolo, Mougalaba, and Mongo).
3. [3] Consulate of Gabon in France  (retrieved 2009-04-06).
4. [4] Internet Gabon  (dated 2008, retrieved 2009-04-06).
5. [5] Journal Officiel  de la République Gabonaise: Jan. 1997 (retrieved 2009-04-06).
6. [6] Gabon National Assembly  website (retrieved 2009-04-06).
7. [7] legabon.org  (retrieved 2009-04-06).
8. [8] 2003 population figures from Journal Officiel de la République Gabonaise, Février 2005, p. 11 ff. These data are as corrected by the constitutional court in Decision No. 003/CC, 2005-02-17.