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Updates: 

"Geopolitical Entities, Names, and Codes, Edition 2" (GENC), a U.S. standard that's supposed to correspond to ISO 3166-2, was issued on 2014-03-31. It gives Gusinje and Petnica the codes ME-22 and ME-23, respectively. Subsequently, on 2014-11-03, ISO issued codes for Gusinje and Petnica. Now there is a perfect match between the two standards.

Update 16 to the U.S. standard GEC is dated 2014-06-30. It adds codes for the two new communes.

Sorin Cosoveanu wrote that the new Petnjica commune, split from Berane, would begin operation on 2014-01-01. Later, he wrote that Gusinje commune was split from Plav, providing thorough documentation. The law creating Gusinje commune was passed on 2014-02-26 and published on 2014-03-03. The first municipal election for Gusinje was held on 2014-05-25. I have added both communes to the table.

When FIPS 10-4 was replaced by GEC in 2010-04, it assigned GEC codes to the communes of Montenegro.

ISO 3166-1 Newsletter V-12, dated 2006-09-26, announces the splitting of Serbia and Montenegro into two countries. ISO 3166-2 Newsletter I-8, published on 2007-04-17, has ISO codes for the municipalities of Montenegro. They are shown in the table below.

FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 11, dated 2006-07-11, assigned new FIPS codes to Serbia and Montenegro as separate countries.

Country overview: 

Short name	MONTENEGRO
ISO code	ME
GEC code	MJ
Language	Serbian (sr)
Time zone	+1~
Capital	Podgorica

 

Montenegro was an independent kingdom at the start of the 20th century. It was annexed to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes when the latter was formed on 1918-12-01. The unified country's name became Yugoslavia in 1929. After the fall of Communism, Yugoslavia gradually split up into its former constituent republics. Montenegro was the last to split from Serbia in 2006.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: Montenegro
2. Dutch: Montenegro
3. Finnish: Montenegro
4. French: Monténégro m
5. German: Montenegro n
6. Icelandic: Svartfjallaland
7. Italian: Montenegro m
8. Norwegian: Montenegro
9. Portuguese: Montenegro m
10. Serbian: Crna Gora
11. Russian: Черногория
12. Spanish: Montenegro m
13. Swedish: Montenegro
14. Turkish: Karadağ

Origin of name: 

Italian calque of Serbian crna: black, gora: mountain

Primary subdivisions: 

Montenegro is divided into 23 opštini (communes, or municipalities).

Commune	HASC	ISO	GEC	Lic	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)
Andrijevica	ME.AN	01	MJ01	AN	5,071	283	109
Bar	ME.BA	02	MJ02	BR	42,048	598	231
Berane	ME.BR	03	MJ03	BA	27,257	544	210
Bijelo Polje	ME.BP	04	MJ04	BP	46,051	924	357
Budva	ME.BU	05	MJ05	BD	19,218	122	47
Cetinje	ME.CE	06	MJ06	CT	16,657	899	347
Danilovgrad	ME.DA	07	MJ07	DG	18,472	501	193
Gusinje	ME.GU	22	MJ22		4,027
Herceg Novi	ME.HN	08	MJ08	HN	30,864	235	91
Kolašin	ME.KL	09	MJ09	KL	8,380	897	346
Kotor	ME.KT	10	MJ10	KO	22,601	335	129
Mojkovac	ME.MK	11	MJ11	MK	8,622	367	142
Nikšić	ME.NK	12	MJ12	NK	72,443	2,065	797
Petnjica	ME.PT	23	MJ23		6,713	173	67
Plav	ME.PA	13	MJ13	PL	9,081	486	188
Pljevlja	ME.PL	14	MJ14	PV	30,786	1,346	520
Plužine	ME.PU	15	MJ15	PŽ	3,246	854	330
Podgorica	ME.PG	16	MJ16	PG	185,937	1,399	540
Rožaje	ME.RO	17	MJ17	RO	22,964	432	167
Šavnik	ME.SA	18	MJ18	ŠA	2,070	553	214
Tivat	ME.TI	19	MJ19	TV	14,031	46	18
Ulcinj	ME.UL	20	MJ20	UL	19,921	255	98
Žabljak	ME.ZA	21	MJ21	ŽB	3,569	445	172
23 communes					620,029	13,759	5,312
HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. Inherited from Serbia and Montenegro with CS.CG replaced by ME. ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. GEC: Codes from GEC. Lic: License plate prefix. Population: 2011-04-01 census. Capitals: Have same names as communes.

 

Postal codes: 

Montenegro inherited a system of five-digit postal codes from Yugoslavia. In Montenegro, the codes all begin with '8'.

Further subdivisions:

The communes are divided into "local units." Podgorica commune is divided into three "urban municipalities": Podgorica, Golubovci, and Tuzi (since 2006).

Territorial extent: 

Montenegro has no islands of any significance. Its largest two, Ada Bojana in the Adriatic Sea and Vranjina in Lake Skadar, are each under 5 km.². It has a short land border with Croatia.

The UN LOCODE page  for Montenegro lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

1. Bijelo Polje: = white field
2. Herceg Novi: = new duke, renamed from Castelnuovo (Italian: New Castle) by Duke Stjepan Vukčić Kosača (1404-1466); see also Bosnia and Herzegovina
3. Podgorica: = under the hillock

Change history: 

1. 1918-12-01: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was proclaimed. For its history, and subsequently that of Yugoslavia, see Serbia.
2. 1946-07-13: Capital of Montenegro moved from Cetinje to Podgorica, which was simultaneously renamed Titograd.
3. 1949-07: Name of Berane town and commune changed to Ivangrad.
4. 1960: Andrijevica commune merged with Ivangrad; they split again later that year.
5. 1992-03: Name of Ivangrad restored to Berane.
6. 1992-04-02: Name of capital of Montenegro restored to Podgorica.
7. 1993: Presidential residence moved to Cetinje, making it in effect a secondary capital.
8. 2006-06-03: Montenegro became independent from Serbia and Montenegro. Tracking the ISO country codes, the first two characters in the communes' HASC codes changed from YU to CS in 2003, and again to ME in 2006.
9. 2013-05-28: Petnjica commune split from Berane (former HASC code ME.BE, 2011 population 33,970, area 717 km.²).
10. 2014-02-26: Gusinje commune split from Plav (former HASC code ME.PV, 2011 population 13,108, area 486 km.²).

Population history:

Commune	1961-03-03	1991-03-31	2003-11-01	2003 fixed	2011-04-01
Andrijevica		6,696	6,384	5,785	5,071
Bar	24,587	37,321	45,223	40,037	42,048
Berane	44,072	38,953	40,885	35,068	33,970
Bijelo Polje	46,651	55,268	57,124	50,284	46,051
Budva	4,834	11,717	16,095	15,909	19,218
Cetinje	23,503	20,307	18,749	18,482	16,657
Danilovgrad	17,378	14,718	16,400	16,523	18,472
Herceg Novi	15,157	27,593	33,971	33,034	30,864
Kolasin	14,882	11,120	9,975	9,949	8,380
Kotor	16,642	22,410	23,481	22,947	22,601
Mojkovac	8,832	10,830	10,274	10,066	8,622
Niksic	57,399	74,706	76,671	75,282	72,443
Plav	18,913	19,305	21,604	13,805	13,108
Pljevlja	46,677	39,593	36,918	35,806	30,786
Pluzine	9,164	5,247	4,294	4,272	3,246
Podgorica	72,219	152,025	179,403	169,132	185,937
Rozaje	14,700	22,976	27,562	22,693	22,964
Savnik	7,533	3,690	2,972	2,947	2,070
Tivat	5,974	11,429	13,991	13,630	14,031
Ulcinj	16,213	24,217	26,435	20,290	19,921
Zabljak	6,564	4,914	4,245	4,204	3,569
Total	471,894	615,035	672,656	620,145	620,029

 

Note: The figures first published for the 2003 census were later revised downward. According to source [7], the Montenegro Statistical Office recalculated the census figures in 2004, eliminating citizens living abroad. The recalculated figures are shown in the "2003 fixed" column. Those data were taken from Wikipedia. Sources for other columns: 1961 - [2]; 2003 - [7]; 1991 and 2011 - [8].

Sources: 

1. [1] Mardešić, Petar, and Zvonimir Dugački. Geografski Atlas Jugoslavije. Zagreb: Znanje, 1961.
2. [2] Mardešić, Petar, and Oto Oppitz. Atlas Svijeta. Jugoslavenski Leksikografski Zavod. Zagreb, 1969.
3. [3] Territory and Administration in Europe. Robert Bennett, ed. Pinter Publishers, London and New York, 1989.
4. [4] Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 1992. Europa Publications Ltd., London, 1992.
5. [5] Statistical Pocket Book 1993. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, 1993.
6. [6] Montenegro in Yugoslavia, 1918-1992  (retrieved 2009-12-21)
7. [7] Serb Land of Montenegro  (retrieved 2009-12-21)
8. [8] Census 2011 data—Municipalities , Statistical Office of Montenegro (retrieved 2012-06-25)
9. [9] Vehicle registration plates of Montenegro , Wikipedia (retrieved 2013-11-02)
10. [10] "Crna Gora: Petnjica dobila status opštine " (Montenegro: Petnjica given commune status). Article in Serbian news portal "Blic online" (dated 2013-05-28, retrieved 2014-01-09).
11. [11] Official Gazette of Montenegro  (in Serbian; retrieved 2014-06-14).