Districts of Serbia

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Updates: 

Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 2008-02-17. If it achieves international recognition and gets an ISO country code, I will separate its listing from Serbia's. Some countries have already recognized it, and the U.S. has issued GEC code KV for it, while changing the GEC code for Serbia from RB to RI, to reflect the change in territory. The European Union is using XK as a temporary substitute for an ISO code. "Geopolitical Entities, Names, and Codes" (GENC) also assigns it the two-letter code XK, as well as the three-letter code XKS. ISO codes beginning with 'X' are reserved for user-customized codes. Kosovo had been administered under U.N. supervision since 1999. The GEC change was made official by Change Notice 14, published on 2008-07-31. The latest censuses were reported separately for Serbia and Kosovo. For the time being, I list them in two tables.

"GENC Edition 2" was issued on 2014-03-31. It has codes for the cities, districts, and municipalities of Serbia, and for the autonomous province Vojvodina (RS-VO). It is intended as the U.S. version of ISO 3166-2. The divisions of Kosovo have GENC codes that begin with XK-, and represent municipalities. ISO has codes for one city, Belgrade, which is at the district level; and for two autonomous provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina. There are no ISO codes for ordinary cities or municipalities.

ISO 3166-2 Newsletter number II-1, dated 2010-02-03 and revised on 2010-02-19, has changes to the listing for Serbia, but nothing substantive. The prefix RS- is explicitly added to each autonomous province code (Kosovo-Metohija, Vojvodina). All of the district names have been changed from the noun to the adjective form (e.g. Pirot to Pirotski okrug). The last six districts in alphabetical order were originally omitted from the list by an oversight.

ISO 3166-2 Newsletter I-8, published on 2007-04-17, has ISO codes for the districts of Serbia. They are shown in the table below.

ISO 3166-1 Newsletter V-12, dated 2006-09-26, announces the splitting of Serbia and Montenegro into two countries. Serbia is the successor country to Serbia and Montenegro, so this page will still be the place to look for Yugoslavia's history.

FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 11, dated 2006-07-11, assigned new GEC codes to Serbia and Montenegro as separate countries.

On 2002-03-14, Serbia and Montenegro (the two republics of Yugoslavia) signed an accord. Under its terms, they agreed to restructure their federation, and rename it "Serbia and Montenegro" (Serbian: Srbija i Crna Gora) under the eventual new constitution. Montenegro held a referendum on independence from Serbia on 2006-05-21. The required 55% majority was attained, although barely. The National Assembly of Montenegro declared independence on 2006-06-03. On 2006-06-28, Montenegro became the 192nd member of the United Nations. Serbia remains the successor state to Serbia and Montenegro.

FIPS Publication Change Notice No. 9, affecting FIPS PUB 10-4, was issued on 2004-10-01. The only change was the name of the country, from Yugoslavia to Serbia and Montenegro.

ISO 3166-1 Newsletter V-8 was published on 2003-07-23. It shows the name of Yugoslavia changed to Serbia and Montenegro. The two-letter country code is changed from YU to CS, and the three-letter code from YUG to SCG. The three-digit code remains unchanged. The new codes were chosen on the basis of the Serbian form of the country name. ISO 3166-2 Newsletter number I-5, dated 2003-09-05, changes the ISO codes for the subdivisions of Yugoslavia so that they contain the new country code.

Erratum: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was proclaimed on 1918-12-01, not -04 as stated in the book.

The position of the United States Department of State from about 1992-2000 was that Montenegro and Serbia were two separate, unrecognized countries. Apparently, after Slobodan Milosevic was defeated in the 2000 election, the U.S. recognized Yugoslavia again. Change Notice 6 to FIPS PUB 10-4 was published on 2001-01-28. The GEC country codes MW (Montenegro) and SR (Serbia) were dropped, to be replaced by YI (Yugoslavia). (Note: the GEC code for Yugoslavia used to be YO, in the period before 1992 when the country consisted of six republics.) Montenegro and Serbia were given codes with a YI prefix.

Country overview: 

Short nameSERBIA
ISO codeRS
GEC codeRI, KV
LanguageSerbian (sr)
Time zone+1~
CapitalBelgrade

 

In 1900, the Balkans were still balkanized. The Ottoman Empire retained a foothold in Europe. Its vilayet of Kosovo later became part of Yugoslavia, as did northern Monastir and a corner of Saloniki vilayet. Bosnia-Herzegovina and the sanjak of Novibazar, both nominally Ottoman, had been occupied by Austria-Hungary since 1878. Serbia and Montenegro were independent kingdoms. The rest of the area that would eventually become Yugoslavia was in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including the Austrian provinces of Carniola and Dalmatia, parts of Coastland and Styria, the Hungarian provinces of Fiume and Croatia and Slavonia, and parts of the Hungarian counties of Bács-Bodrog, Csongrád, Temes, and Torontál. In 1908, Austria-Hungary formally annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina. Following the Second Balkan War, by the Bucharest Peace Treaty (1913-08-10), Serbia annexed lands from the Ottoman Empire including its present southern section and what is now the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The sanjak of Novibazar was split between Serbia and Montenegro. On 1918-12-01, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was proclaimed. This kingdom was soon being called Yugoslavia, although the name didn't become official until 1929. The peace treaties which ended World War I sanctioned the fait accompli. They left the exact border with Italy open for negotiation (see Croatia and Slovenia for more details about this border, which was again shifted after World War II). Yugoslavia was occupied by the axis powers in World War II. After it was liberated, on 1945-11-29, it proclaimed itself the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a federation of six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Within Serbia there were two autonomous divisions: Kosovo region and Voivodina province. When the Communist bloc fell apart, starting in 1991, the republics began declaring themselves independent. Finally, only Montenegro and Serbia remained in the federation. They claimed to be the successor state to Yugoslavia. The United Nations and the United States rejected this claim, and treated them as two separate unrecognized states, until about 2000. The country changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. Montenegro became a separate country in 2006. Kosovo declared independence in 2008. Other countries began recognizing it immediately, but Serbia doesn't, and it doesn't have an ISO code.

Other names of country: 

  1. Danish: Serbien, Serbien og Montenegro (obsolete)
  2. Dutch: Servië, Staatengemeenschap Servië en Montenegro (formal), Joegoslavië (obsolete), Servië en Montenegro (obsolete)
  3. English: Yugoslavia (obsolete), Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (formal-obsolete)
  4. Finnish: Serbia, Serbia ja Montenegro (obsolete), Jugoslavia (obsolete)
  5. French: Serbie f, Serbie-et-Monténégro f (obsolete), Yougoslavie f (obsolete)
  6. German: Serbien n, Serbien und Montenegro n (obsolete), Jugoslawien n (obsolete)
  7. Icelandic: Serbía, Serbía og Svartfjallaland (obsolete)
  8. Italian: Serbia f, Serbia e Montenegro m (obsolete), Iugoslavia (obsolete)
  9. Norwegian: Serbia, Serbia og Montenegro (obsolete), Jugoslavia (obsolete)
  10. Portuguese: Sérvia f, Sérvia e Montenegro (obsolete), Estado-Comunidade da Sérvia e Montenegro (formal-obsolete), Iugoslávia f (Brazil-obsolete), Jugoslávia (obsolete)
  11. Russian: Республика Сербия, Югославия (obsolete)
  12. Serbian: Srbija, Srbija i Crna Gora (obsolete), Savezna Republika Jugoslavija (formal-obsolete)
  13. Spanish: Serbia f, Serbia y Montenegro (obsolete), Yugoslavia f (obsolete)
  14. Swedish: Serbien, Serbien och Montenegro (obsolete), Jugoslavien (obsolete)
  15. Turkish: Sırbıstan

Origin of name: 

Serbia: land of the Serbs

Primary subdivisions: 

Serbia is divided into 24 okruzi (sing. okrug: districts) and one grad (city). Kosovo has another 5 districts, listed separately.

DistrictHASCISORegPop-2011Pop-2002Area(km.˛)Area(mi.˛)Serbian nameCapital
BelgradeRS.BG00B1,659,4401,576,1243,2241,245Grad BeogradBelgrade
BorRS.BO14E124,992146,5513,5071,354Borski OkrugBor
BraničevoRS.BR11E183,625200,5033,8651,492Braničevski OkrugPožarevac
Central BanatRS.SD02V187,667208,4563,2561,257Srednje-Banatski OkrugZrenjanin
DanubeRS.PD10E199,395210,2901,248482Podunavski OkrugSmederevo
JablanicaRS.JA23E216,304240,9232,7691,069Jablanički OkrugLeskovac
KolubaraRS.KB09W174,513192,2042,474955Kolubarski OkrugValjevo
MačvaRS.MA08W298,931329,6253,2681,262Mačvanski OkrugŠabac
MoravaRS.MR17W212,603224,7723,0161,164Moravički OkrugČačak
NišavaRS.NS20E376,319381,7572,7291,054Nišavski OkrugNiš
North BačkaRS.SC01V186,906200,1401,784689Severno-Bački OkrugSubotica
North BanatRS.SN03V147,770165,8813,2561,257Severno-Banatski OkrugKikinda
PčinjaRS.PC24E159,081227,6903,5201,359Pčinjski OkrugVranje
PirotRS.PI22E92,479105,6542,7611,066Pirotski OkrugPirot
PomoravljeRS.PM13W214,536227,4352,6141,009Pomoravski OkrugJagodina
RasinaRS.RN19W241,999259,4412,6681,030Rasinski OkrugKruševac
RaškaRS.RS18W309,258291,2303,9181,513Raški OkrugKraljevo
South BačkaRS.JC06V615,371593,6664,0161,551Južno-Bački OkrugNovi Sad
South BanatRS.JN04V293,730313,9374,2451,639Južno-Banatski OkrugPancevo
SremRS.SM07V312,278335,9013,4861,346Sremski OkrugSremska Mitrovica
ŠumadijaRS.SU12W293,308298,7782,387922Šumadijski OkrugKragujevac
ToplicaRS.TO21E91,754102,0752,231861Toplički OkrugProkuplje
West BačkaRS.ZC05V188,087214,0112,420934Zapadno-Bački OkrugSombor
ZaječarRS.ZJ15E119,967137,5613,6231,399Zaječarski OkrugZajecar
ZlatiborRS.ZL16W286,549313,3966,1402,371Zlatiborski OkrugUžice
Totals7,186,8627,498,00178,42530,279
  • District: Belgrade is a city
  • HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes.
  • ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2.
  • Reg: Region of Serbia (see table under Further subdivisions).
  • Pop-2011: 2011-10-22 census
  • Pop-2002: 2002-03-31 census
  • Serbian name: using Roman alphabet for Serbian

 

DistrictHASCISOPop-2011Pop-2002Area(km.˛)Area(mi.˛)Serbian nameCapital
KosovoRS.KO25497,9071,135,4683,1171,203Kosovski OkrugPriština
Kosovsko-MitrovicaRS.KM28232,833226,8072,050792Kosovsko-Mitrovački OkrugKosovska Mitrovica
Kosovsko-PomoravljeRS.KP29346,559256,0721,412545Kosovsko-Pomoravski OkrugGnjilane
PećRS.PE26314,894394,1222,450946Pećki OkrugPec
PrizrenRS.PZ27387,828503,4801,910737Prizrenski OkrugPrizren
Totals1,780,0212,515,94910,9394,224

 

Note: Tracking the ISO country codes, the first two characters in the HASC codes for entities shown on this page changed from YU to CS in 2003, and again to RS in 2006. HASC codes in the table above were inherited from the codes for the districts of Serbia and Montenegro, viewed as secondary subdivisions, with CS.SR replaced by RS. Exception: the former code for Prizren was CS.SR.PR.

Postal codes: 

Serbia uses five-digit postal codes.

Further subdivisions:

See the Municipalities of Serbia page.

The 2011 census reports show a rather complicated territorial breakdown of Serbia. Kosovo has its own census report, which is organized by municipalities. The five districts may still be valid, but they aren't mentioned in the report. As for Serbia, the census report shows it divided at the very top level into Serbia North and Serbia South. Each of those is divided into two regions. The regions are:

RegionN/SCodePopulation
BelgradeNB1,659,440
Southern and Eastern SerbiaSE1,563,916
Šumadija and Western SerbiaSW2,031,697
VojvodinaNV1,931,809
  • N/S: North or South.
  • Code: Arbitrary abbreviation
    referenced to table above.
  • Population: 2011-10-22 census

 

Belgrade region is coextensive with Belgrade city. The other regions are subdivided into districts, as listed under Primary subdivisions. Districts are subdivided in various ways. The secondary divisions are cities (grad) and communes (opstina). The cities Belgrade, Niš, Novi Sad, Požarevac, and Vranje have further subdivisions.

Before Yugoslavia broke up, it was divided into six socialist republics. One of them, Serbia, was further divided into Serbia proper and two autonomous divisions. All of them - republics and autonomous areas - were in turn divided into opčine (communes).

Territorial extent: 

The UN LOCODE page  for Serbia lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

  1. Kosovo: field of the black birds
  2. Yugoslavia = Serb jugo: south + ethnic name Slav + -ia (country suffix)

Change history: 

This table shows the divisions of Serbia in 1910, according to sources [6] and [8]. Serbia was a good deal smaller then than it is now. It didn't include any of Kosovo or Vojvodina, and Kosovo was somewhat larger than it is today.

The two sources give different spellings for the names. Source [8], corresponding to the column headed "SY Name", is clearly using a transliteration system that differs from modern usage. Another curiosity in source [8] is that it has separate listings for Chachak and Rudnik, whereas source [6] says that Chachak is the capital of Rudnik department. Gornji Milanovac and Rudnik departments were contiguous. I have guessed that source [8] meant Gornji Milanovac when it said Chachak.

DepartmentSY NamePopulationArea(km.˛)Capital
BelgradeBelgrade220,7092,038Belgrade
Gornji MilanovacChachak130,9893,797Gornji Milanovac
KragujevacKraguyévatz174,7562,295Kragujevac
KrajinaKrayina104,4502,909Negotin
KruševacKruzhévatz150,2872,709Kruševac
MoravaMorava186,9002,901Ćuprija
NišNish183,8542,559Niš
PirotPirot104,0862,419Pirot
PodrinjePodrinye219,7553,551Šabac
PožarevacPozarevatz243,7054,157Požarevac
RudnikRudnik78,1111,570Čačak
SmederevoSmederovo134,5741,277Smederevo
TimokTimok140,8073,196Zaječar
ToplicaToplitza102,5922,839Prokuplje
UžiceUlitzé138,7603,289Užice
ValjevoValyévo143,7102,458Valjevo
VranjeVranyé230,7024,341Vranje
Total2,688,74748,303
  • Population and area: 1905 (source [8]).
  1. 1918-12-01: Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was proclaimed.
  2. 1920-06-04: Croatia, Slavonia, and western Banat were annexed from Hungary by the Treaty of Trianon.
  3. 1920-07-16: Austrian provinces of Coastland, Carniola, Dalmatia, the southern part of Styria, and a small section of Carinthia were incorporated into Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes by the Treaty of Saint-Germain.
  4. 1922-04-26: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was reorganized into 33 oblasti (sing. oblast: regions).
  5. 1929-10-03: Name of the country was officially changed to Yugoslavia (Jugo-Slavia was the preferred transliteration from the Cyrillic alphabet at that time). Yugoslavia was reorganized into nine banovine (sing. banovina, variously translated province, bannate, or prefecture) and one special administrative zone, listed below.
NameCapitalOriginTerritory
BelgradeBelgradeWhite citySerbia
DravskaLjubljanaDrava R.Slovenia
DrinskaSarajevoDrina R.Bosnia, Serbia
DunavskaNovi SadDanube R.Serbia, Vojvodina
MoravskaNisMorava R.Serbia
PrimorskaSplitMaritimeDalmatia, Herzegovina
SavskaZagrebSava R.Croatia, Slavonia
VardarskaSkopjeVardar R.Macedonia, Kosovo
VrbaskaBanja LukaVrbas R.Bosnia
ZetskaCetinjeZeta R.Montenegro, Novibazar
  • Name: Province name; Belgrade was a special
    administrative zone.
  • Origin: Source of province name, usually the
    main river in the province.
  • Territory: Approximate extent of the province,
    in terms of previous or subsequent divisions.
    (Source [7])
  1. 1939-08-26: Under the Cvetkovic-Macek agreement, Hrvatska province was formed by merging Primorska and Savska provinces, plus kotari (districts) taken from other provinces: Brcko, Derventa, Dubrovnik, Fojnica, Gradacac, Ilok, Sid, and Travnik.
  2. 1945-11-29: Yugoslavia became the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising six republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.
  3. 1946: Name of capital of Montenegro changed from Podgorica to Titograd.
  4. 1991-01-25: Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia.
  5. 1991-10-08: Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia.
  6. 1992-01-15: Croatia's claim to independence was recognized by the European Union.
  7. 1992-04-05: Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina was proclaimed.
  8. 1992: Name of capital of Montenegro restored to Podgorica. At that time, the primary subdivisions of the country were the two republics.
RepublicHASCGECPopulationArea(km.˛)Area(mi.˛)Capital
MontenegroYU.CGYI01616,32713,8125,333Podgorica
SerbiaYU.SRYI029,721,17788,36134,116Belgrade
2 republics10,337,504102,17339,449
  • HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. If periods
    are replaced by hyphens, these are the same as the entity
    codes from ISO standard 3166-2. Note: the ISO code YU-SR
    represents only part of Serbia (see below).
  • GEC: Codes from GEC.
  • Population: 1991-03-31 census

 

International standard ISO 3166-2 was published on December 15, 1998. It superseded ISO/DIS 3166-2 (draft international standard). For Yugoslavia, the draft standard showed two divisions, which it categorized as "(remaining) socialist republics". The word "remaining", of course, refers to the fact that since 1990, four of Yugoslavia's six original republics had broken away. The final standard shows the same two republics with the same codes. They are no longer described as remaining or socialist. In addition, there are two new entries for the two autonomous provinces of Serbia. Officially, Serbia contains these two provinces, as well as a substantially larger area of Serbia proper. The full set of subdivisions of Yugoslavia according to ISO is shown in this table.

ISOTypeISO NameEnglish Name
CGrCrna GoraMontenegro
KMpKosovo-MetohijaKosovo
SRrSrbijaSerbia
VOpVojvodinaVojvodina
  • ISO: Entity codes from ISO 3166-2.
    For full identification in a global
    context, prefix "YU-" to the code
    (ex: YU-VO represents Vojvodina).
  • Type: These divisions are republics
    (r) or autonomous provinces (p).
  • ISO Name: Serbian name, as used
    in ISO 3166-2.
  1. 2003-02-04: Official name of country changed to "Serbia and Montenegro". ISO 3166-1 code changed to CS, which also replaced YU as the first element of the ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes, and of all HASC codes. The code represents Crna Gora and Serbia.
  2. 2006-06-03: Montenegro became independent from Serbia and Montenegro; Serbia is the successor state. ISO country code changed to RS, for Republika Srpska.

Other names of subdivisions: 

  1. Belgrade: Belgrad (German); Belgrado (Italian, Spanish); Beograd (Serbian); Белград (Russian)
  2. Central Banat: Srednji Banat (Serbian)
  3. Danube: Podunavlje (Serbian)
  4. Kosovo: Autonomous Kosovo and Metohia Region (formal); Kosmet (informal); Kosova, Kossovo (variant); Kosovo-Metohija (French, Serbian); Kossowo-Metohija (German); Автономным краем Косово и Метохия (Russian-formal); Республика Косово (Russian)
  5. Morava: Moravica (Serbian)
  6. Nišava: Niš (Serbian)
  7. North Baczka: Severna Baczka (Serbian)
  8. North Banat: Severni Banat (Serbian)
  9. Serbia: Serbía (Icelandic); Serbie (French); Serbien (Danish, German, Swedish); Servia (obsolete); Servie (French-obsolete); Srbija (Serbian)
  10. South Baczka: Južna Baczka (Serbian)
  11. South Banat: Južni Banat (Serbian)
  12. Voivodina: Vojvodina (Italian); Vojvodine (French); Wojwodina (German)
  13. West Baczka: Zapadna Baczka (Serbian)

Population history:

RepublicFIPS1948-03-151953-03-311961-06-301971-03-311981-03-311991-03-31
Bosnia and HerzegovinaYO012,561,9612,847,4593,277,9483,746,0004,124,2564,365,639
CroatiaYO033,749,0393,936,0224,159,6964,426,0004,601,4694,784,265
MacedoniaYO051,152,0541,304,5141,406,0031,647,0001,909,1362,038,847
MontenegroYO02376,573419,873471,894530,000584,310616,327
SerbiaYO076,523,2246,979,1547,642,2278,447,0009,313,6769,721,177
SloveniaYO061,389,0841,504,4271,591,5231,727,0001,891,8641,974,839
Totals15,751,93516,991,44918,549,29120,523,00022,424,71123,501,094
  • FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4 before the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

 

District1959-06-301971-03-311981-03-311991-03-312002-03-312011
Belgrade740,0001,552,1511,576,1241,602,2261,576,1241,659,440
Bor175,848180,463178,718146,551124,992
Braničevo276,000263,016263,677253,492200,503183,625
Central Banat341,000231,486230,962221,353208,456187,667
Danube225,000197,657220,930226,589210,290199,395
Jablanica262,000260,983262,531255,011240,923216,304
Kolubara253,000202,990205,094200,560192,204174,513
Kosovo926,000394,874525,796672,2921,135,468497,907
Kosovsko-Mitrovica196,396234,667275,904226,807232,833
Kosovsko-Pomoravlje159,562185,228217,728256,072346,559
Mačva320,000324,427338,247339,644329,625298,931
Morava214,000217,071228,922230,748224,772212,603
Nišava660,000363,292394,110396,043381,757376,319
North Bačka287,000205,932211,475205,401200,140186,906
North Banat231,486230,962221,353165,881147,770
Pčinja239,000230,375238,753243,529227,690159,081
Peć276,193348,557414,187394,122314,894
Pirot136,008127,427116,926105,65492,479
Pomoravlje255,000262,055270,474264,108227,435214,536
Prizren216,668290,192376,085503,480387,828
Rasina277,000265,674281,580283,108259,441241,999
Raška260,000251,230282,644300,274291,230309,258
South Bačka409,000486,053538,015553,027593,666615,371
South Banat306,000331,285340,190328,428313,937293,730
Srem228,000285,474306,085309,981335,901312,278
Šumadija243,000264,344301,354312,160298,778293,308
Toplica129,542121,933111,813102,07591,754
West Bačka218,000220,671220,876215,916214,011188,087
Zaječar304,000172,427170,682158,131137,561119,967
Zlatibor274,000324,065335,570335,826313,396286,549
Totals7,517,0008,829,2359,463,5209,820,56110,013,9508,966,883

 

1959: Populations are based on a different territorial division. Among other things, all of Kosovo is shown as one district (source [1]).
2002: Populations for the five districts of Kosovo were pulled from a variety of sources. The population for Kosovo district is implausible.
2011: sources [9] and [10], data for two different dates.

Sources: 

  1. [1] Mardešić, Petar, and Zvonimir Dugački. Geografski Atlas Jugoslavije. Zagreb: Znanje, 1961.
  2. [2] Mardešić, Petar, and Oto Oppitz. Jugoslavenski Leksikografski Zavod. Zagreb, 1969.
  3. [3] Territory and Administration in Europe. Robert Bennett, ed. Pinter Publishers, London and New York, 1989.
  4. [4] Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 1992. Europa Publications Ltd., London, 1992.
  5. [5] Statistical Pocket Book 1993. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, 1993.
  6. [6] Magocsi, Paul Robert. "Historical Atlas of Central Europe." University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2002.
  7. [7] Maps at http://www.avnet.co.uk/home/milan/history/cginyu.htm (dead link, retrieved 2001-01-31) show the actual boundaries.
  8. [8] Keltie, J. Scott, ed. The Statesman's Year-Book 1913. Macmillan, London, 1913.
  9. [9] Stanovnistvo prema nacionalnoj pripadnosti i polu, po opstinama & gradovima  (Population by ethnicity and sex, by municipalities and cities). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (retrieved 2014-04-05).
  10. [10] Estimation of Kosovo Population 2011 . Kosovo Agency of Statistics, Pristina, 2013-02 (retrieved 2014-04-05). This document has municipality populations on pp. 10 and 30, and the data are not the same. I used the data from a column headed "Population census 2011" on p. 30. The municipalities of Leposaviq, Zubin Potok, Zveçan, and Mitrovica North were not included in the 2011 census; their data were projected from "Update 2009".
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