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Updates: 

I added the 2010 census figures.

Country overview: 

Short name	VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S.
ISO code	VI
FIPS code	VQ
Language	English (en)
Time zone	-4
Capital	Charlotte Amalie

 

The Danish West Indies were purchased from Denmark on 1917-01-25, and became an unincorporated territory of the United States, and so they remain now.

Other names of country: 

1. Dutch: Amerikaanse Maagdeneilanden
2. English: Virgin Islands of the United States (formal), Danish West Indies (obsolete)
3. French: Îles Vierges américaines, Îles fp Vierges des États-Unis mp
4. German: Amerikanische Jungferninseln
5. Icelandic: Jómfrúreyjar
6. Italian: Isole fp Vergini Americane, Isole Vergini Statunitensi
7. Portuguese: Ilhas fp Virgens Americanas
8. Russian: Американские Виргинские острова, Виргинские острова Соединенных Штатов Америки (variant)
9. Spanish: Islas Vírgenes Americanas, Islas fp Vírgenes de los Estados mp Unidos
10. Turkish: Amerikan Virgin Adaları

Origin of name: 

discovered by Columbus and named Santa Ursula y las Once Mil Virgenes: Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins

Primary subdivisions: 

U.S. Virgin Islands is divided into three census enumeration districts, corresponding to the main islands, and having no administrative significance.

District	HASC	FIPS	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)	ZIP
Saint Croix	VI.SC	010	50,601	218	84	2,4,5
Saint John	VI.SJ	020	4,170	52	20	3
Saint Thomas	VI.ST	030	51,634	73	28	0
3 districts			106,405	343	132
HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. FIPS: Three-digit county codes from FIPS PUB 55-2. When prefixed with 78, which is the two-digit state code for Virgin Islands from FIPS PUB 5-2, they form a five-digit county code (e.g. 78010 for Saint Croix) which is unique within the United States. As a state-level division of the United States, the Virgin Islands has 78 as a State Numeric Code and VI as a State Alpha Code, according to Table 2 of FIPS PUB 5-2. Population: 2010-04-01 census. ZIP: Fourth digit of postal code.

Postal codes: 

U.S. Virgin Islands uses five-digit postal codes from the U.S. system. They all begin with 008. The district is determined by the fourth digit.

Further subdivisions:

See the Subdistricts of the United States Virgin Islands page.

The islands are divided into cities and rural districts.

Territorial extent: 

1. The Virgin Islands consist of the three main islands named above, and numerous adjacent islets.
2. Saint Croix includes Buck Island and Green Cay.
3. Saint John includes islands east of Pillsbury Sound and south of The Narrows, which separates it from the British Virgin Islands. The largest adjacent island is Lovango Cay.
4. Saint Thomas includes islands west of Pillsbury Sound. Some of the larger adjacent islands are the Hans Lollik Islands, Water, Brass, Savana, and Thatch Cay.

The UN LOCODE page  for Virgin Islands, U.S. lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Change history: 

1. 1921: Name of capital changed from Charlotte Amalie to Saint Thomas.
2. 1936-06-22: Organic Act set up two municipalities: Saint Croix, and Saint Thomas and Saint John. Name of capital changed back to Charlotte Amalie.
3. 1954-07-22: New Organic Act passed, abolishing the municipalities in favor of a central administration.

Population history:

Island	1911	1917	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000	2010
Saint Croix	15,467	14,901	11,413	12,902	12,103	14,973	31,892	49,013	50,139	53,234	50,601
Saint John	941	959	765	722	749	925	1,743	2,360	3,504	4,197	4,170
Saint Thomas	10,678	10,191	9,834	11,265	13,813	16,201	29,565	44,218	48,166	51,181	51,634
Totals	27,086	26,051	22,012	24,889	26,665	32,099	63,200	95,591	101,809	108,612	106,405

Sources: 

1. [1] 2010 Census Island Areas , United States Census Bureau (retrieved 2013-07-23).
2. [2] Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930. Vol. I, Population. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1931.