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Updates: 

I added the population according to the 2010 census.

Country overview: 

Short name	ARUBA
ISO code	AW
FIPS code	AA
Language	Dutch (nl)
Time zone	-4
Capital	Oranjestad

 

Aruba was part of the Netherlands Antilles, a colony of the Netherlands, until 1986-01-01. On that date it became a separate autonomous colony. It will eventually attain independence as a separate country.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: Aruba
2. Dutch: Aruba
3. Finnish: Aruba
4. French: Aruba
5. German: Aruba
6. Icelandic: Arúba
7. Italian: Aruba
8. Norwegian: Aruba
9. Portuguese: Aruba
10. Russian: Аруба
11. Spanish: Aruba
12. Swedish: Aruba
13. Turkish: Aruba

Origin of name: 

Possibly Carib oruba: well placed

Primary subdivisions: 

Aruba has no known administrative divisions.

Country	HASC	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)	Capital
Aruba	AW.AA	101,484	193	75	Oranjestad
Country: This division is the whole of the country, treated as a division for compatibility. HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision code. Population: 2010-09-29 census

Further subdivisions:

The Central Bureau of Statistics divided Aruba into eight regions, which were subdivided into forty-nine zones, for the purpose of enumeration. The regions are Noord, Oranjestad West, Oranjestad Oost, Paradera, Santa Cruz, Savaneta, San Nicolaas Noord, and San Nicolaas Zuid. With slight variations, that list has been reported in several places (see source [2]). There is no evidence that they are administrative divisions.

ISO 3166-2 provides two codes for Aruba. Considered as a separate country, its code is AW. Considered as part of the Netherlands, its code is NL-AW.

Territorial extent: 

The country consists only of Aruba Island and islets immediately off its shore.

The UN LOCODE page  for Aruba lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Population history:

Census date	Population
1981-02-01	60,312
1991-10-06	68,897
2000-10-14	90,506
2010-09-29	101,484

Sources: 

1. [1] Censo 2010 Aruba Results  (retrieved 2013-08-22).
2. [2] The list of eight census divisions has appeared on these pages: http://www.uncoverthenet.com/articles/listing/11062.php (dead link, retrieved 2005-03-14); http://www.britannica.com/wdpdf/Aruba.pdf (dead link, retrieved 2007-07-16); Aruba: General Situation and Trends  on the Pan American Health Organization website (retrieved 2007-07-16); and a U.S. State Department page that I can no longer locate.