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Updates: 

I added 2010 census figures last month, but it turns out that my source was based on 2000 data. (There was no date given within the pdf file. It was a link from a page on the National Statistical Office site, and the text on that page led me to believe it was for 2010.) Now I've revised the data using another source. The census was taken before Bueng Kan was formed, so these sources still consider it part of Nong Khai. I got the population of Bueng Kan from yet another source. Thanks to Andreas Hörstemeier, who keeps track of Thailand's administrative divisions on his blog , for help with this.

Update 6 to "Geopolitical Entities and Codes" is dated 2011-11-30. For Thailand, it assigns a FIPS code to Bueng Kan province. There is also an ISO 3166-2 code, but not announced by newsletter: ISO has started announcing code changes on its Online Browsing Platform.

Update 13 to Geopolitical Entities and Codes (formerly FIPS 10-4) is dated 2013-09-30. All it does in Thailand is fix one misspelling.

Update 10 to Geopolitical Entities and Codes (formerly FIPS 10-4) is dated 2012-12-31. It changes the name used for the Bangkok region, dropping the word "Mahanakhon," which is what distinguishes the long form (formal) name from the short form.

Bueng Kan province was split from Nong Khai province on 2011-03-23. Its creation was approved by the Ministry of the Interior on 2010-05-06, and by the cabinet on 2010-08-03. Bueng Kan comprises the districts of Bueng Kan, Bueng Khong Long, Bung Khla, Pak Khat, Phon Charoen, Seka, Si Wilai, and So Phisai, which had a total population of 385,053 in the 2000 census, and a total area of 4,305 km.².

International standard ISO 3166-2 was published on December 15, 1998. It superseded ISO/DIS 3166-2 (draft international standard). For Thailand, the draft standard showed 72 provinces and one municipality, each with a two-digit code. The final standard shows 75 provinces, one metropolitan administration (same as the municipality), and one special administrative city, named Phatthaya. They still have two-digit codes, with one exception (Phatthaya's code is S), but the codes are almost all changed. The new codes are shown in the table below.

The three new provinces listed in the final standard were created in 1993. Phatthaya is not listed by the National Statistical Office in the tables of census results by provinces. It is included in Chon Buri province.

Country overview: 

Short name	THAILAND
ISO code	TH
FIPS code	TH
Language	Thai (th)
Time zone	+7
Capital	Bangkok

 

At the beginning of the 20th century, Siam was an independent country, but the British and French had "spheres of influence": the British in the west and south, the French in the east. Part of the French sphere was transferred to French Indo-China in 1907. In 1909, part of the British sphere became unfederated states of Malaya. On 1939-06-24 Siam proclaimed that its English name was to be Thailand. During World War II, Thailand annexed some of the territory back from Indo-China, but was forced to return it at the end of the war.

Other names of country: 

1. Danish: Thailand, Siam (obsolete)
2. Dutch: Thailand, Koninkrijk Thailand (formal)
3. English: Kingdom of Thailand (formal), Siam (obsolete)
4. Finnish: Thaimaa
5. French: Thaïlande f
6. German: Thailand n
7. Icelandic: Taíland
8. Italian: Thailandia f, Tailandia
9. Norwegian: Thailand, Kongeriket Thailand (formal)
10. Portuguese: Tailândia, Reino m da Tailândia f (formal), Sião m (obsolete)
11. Russian: Королевство Таиланд (formal)
12. Spanish: Tailandia, Reino m de Tailandia f (formal)
13. Swedish: Thailand
14. Turkish: Tayland Krallığı (formal)
15. Thai: Muang Thai (formal), Prathes Thai (formal)

Origin of name: 

Land of the Thais (an ethnic name meaning free people)

Primary subdivisions: 

Thailand is divided into 76 changwat (provinces) and one maha nakhon (municipality).

Province	HASC	ISO	FIPS	Reg	Population	Area(km.²)	Area(mi.²)
Amnat Charoen	TH.AC	37	TH77	NE	283,732	3,161	1,221
Ang Thong	TH.AT	15	TH35	C	254,292	968	374
Bangkok Metropolis	TH.BM	10	TH40	C	8,305,218	1,569	606
Bueng Kan	TH.BK	38	TH81	NE	362,754	4,305	1,662
Buri Ram	TH.BR	31	TH28	NE	1,274,921	10,323	3,986
Chachoengsao	TH.CC	24	TH44	C	715,603	5,351	2,066
Chai Nat	TH.CN	18	TH32	C	305,587	2,470	954
Chaiyaphum	TH.CY	36	TH26	NE	963,907	12,778	4,934
Chanthaburi	TH.CT	22	TH48	E	485,611	6,338	2,447
Chiang Mai	TH.CM	50	TH02	N	1,737,041	20,107	7,763
Chiang Rai	TH.CR	57	TH03	N	1,172,928	11,678	4,509
Chon Buri	TH.CB	20	TH46	E	1,555,358	4,363	1,685
Chumphon	TH.CP	86	TH58	S	467,801	6,009	2,320
Kalasin	TH.KL	46	TH23	NE	824,538	6,947	2,682
Kamphaeng Phet	TH.KP	62	TH11	N	797,391	8,608	3,323
Kanchanaburi	TH.KN	71	TH50	C	801,519	19,483	7,523
Khon Kaen	TH.KK	40	TH22	NE	1,741,980	10,886	4,203
Krabi	TH.KR	81	TH63	S	362,203	4,709	1,818
Lampang	TH.LG	52	TH06	N	743,143	12,534	4,839
Lamphun	TH.LN	51	TH05	N	412,741	4,506	1,740
Loei	TH.LE	42	TH18	NE	546,028	11,425	4,411
Lop Buri	TH.LB	16	TH34	C	769,925	6,200	2,394
Mae Hong Son	TH.MH	58	TH01	N	209,153	12,681	4,896
Maha Sarakham	TH.MS	44	TH24	NE	827,639	5,292	2,043
Mukdahan	TH.MD	49	TH78	NE	357,339	4,340	1,676
Nakhon Nayok	TH.NN	26	TH43	C	246,868	2,122	819
Nakhon Pathom	TH.NP	73	TH53	C	943,892	2,168	837
Nakhon Phanom	TH.NF	48	TH73	NE	583,726	5,513	2,128
Nakhon Ratchasima	TH.NR	30	TH27	NE	2,525,975	20,494	7,913
Nakhon Sawan	TH.NS	60	TH16	N	992,749	9,598	3,706
Nakhon Si Thammarat	TH.NT	80	TH64	S	1,450,466	9,943	3,839
Nan	TH.NA	55	TH04	N	452,814	11,472	4,429
Narathiwat	TH.NW	96	TH31	S	670,002	4,475	1,728
Nong Bua Lam Phu	TH.NB	39	TH79	NE	485,974	3,859	1,490
Nong Khai	TH.NH	43	TH17	NE	458,772	3,027	1,169
Nonthaburi	TH.NO	12	TH38	C	1,334,083	622	240
Pathum Thani	TH.PT	13	TH39	C	1,327,147	1,526	589
Pattani	TH.PI	94	TH69	S	609,015	1,940	749
Phangnga	TH.PG	82	TH61	S	258,535	4,171	1,610
Phatthalung	TH.PL	93	TH66	S	480,976	3,425	1,322
Phayao	TH.PY	56	TH41	N	417,380	6,335	2,446
Phetchabun	TH.PH	67	TH14	N	940,076	12,668	4,891
Phetchaburi	TH.PE	76	TH56	C	472,589	6,225	2,404
Phichit	TH.PC	66	TH13	N	548,242	4,531	1,749
Phitsanulok	TH.PS	65	TH12	N	912,827	10,816	4,176
Phrae	TH.PR	54	TH07	N	427,398	6,539	2,525
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya	TH.PA	14	TH36	C	870,671	2,557	987
Phuket	TH.PU	83	TH62	S	525,709	543	210
Prachin Buri	TH.PB	25	TH74	C	546,996	4,762	1,839
Prachuap Khiri Khan	TH.PK	77	TH57	C	467,466	6,368	2,459
Ranong	TH.RN	85	TH59	S	249,017	3,298	1,273
Ratchaburi	TH.RT	70	TH52	C	796,748	5,197	2,006
Rayong	TH.RY	21	TH47	E	821,072	3,552	1,371
Roi Et	TH.RE	45	TH25	NE	1,084,985	8,299	3,204
Sa Kaeo	TH.SK	27	TH80	C	555,961	7,195	2,778
Sakon Nakhon	TH.SN	47	TH20	NE	941,810	9,606	3,709
Samut Prakan	TH.SP	11	TH42	C	1,828,694	1,004	388
Samut Sakhon	TH.SS	74	TH55	C	887,191	872	337
Samut Songkhram	TH.SM	75	TH54	C	185,564	417	161
Saraburi	TH.SR	19	TH37	C	717,054	3,577	1,381
Satun	TH.SA	91	TH67	S	274,863	2,479	957
Sing Buri	TH.SB	17	TH33	C	199,982	823	318
Si Sa Ket	TH.SI	33	TH30	NE	1,055,980	8,840	3,413
Songkhla	TH.SG	90	TH68	S	1,481,021	7,394	2,855
Sukhothai	TH.SO	64	TH09	N	629,707	6,596	2,547
Suphan Buri	TH.SH	72	TH51	C	845,561	5,358	2,069
Surat Thani	TH.ST	84	TH60	S	1,009,351	12,892	4,977
Surin	TH.SU	32	TH29	NE	1,122,900	8,124	3,137
Tak	TH.TK	63	TH08	N	526,382	16,407	6,335
Trang	TH.TG	92	TH65	S	598,877	4,918	1,899
Trat	TH.TT	23	TH49	E	247,876	2,819	1,088
Ubon Ratchathani	TH.UR	34	TH75	NE	1,746,790	15,745	6,079
Udon Thani	TH.UN	41	TH76	NE	1,288,365	11,730	4,529
Uthai Thani	TH.UT	61	TH15	N	297,493	6,730	2,599
Uttaradit	TH.UD	53	TH10	N	438,578	7,839	3,027
Yala	TH.YL	95	TH70	S	433,167	4,521	1,746
Yasothon	TH.YS	35	TH72	NE	487,976	4,162	1,607
77 divisions					65,981,659	513,120	198,117
Province: except Bangkok Metropolis, which is a municipal administration. HASC: Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes. ISO: Codes from ISO 3166-2. For full identification in a global context, prefix "TH-" to the code (ex: TH-63 represents Tak). FIPS: Codes from FIPS PUB 10-4. Reg: Thailand has unofficial, but standardized, regions: Central (C), Eastern (E), Northern (N), Northeastern (NE), and Southern (S). Some sources make Eastern part of Central. Population: 2010-09-01 census. Capitals: Capitals have the same names as their provinces, except for Bangkok Metropolis (Bangkok). Sometimes the capital name is given with the generic prefix "Mueang".

Postal codes:

Thailand uses five-digit postal codes. The first two digits of the postal code are the same as the province ISO code, except for ISO codes 11-19. For those provinces, subtract 1 from the ISO code to get the first two digits of the postal code. Bangkok and Samut Prakan both have postal codes beginning with 10.

Further subdivisions:

See the Districts of Thailand page.

The provinces are divided into amphoes (or amphurs: districts) and king amphoes (subdistricts). These are in turn subdivided into tambons (communes), which are further subdivided into moobans (villages). Above the provinces, there are regions (as shown above). In the early part of the 20th century, there were groupings of provinces called monthons (administrative circles).

Territorial extent: 

1. Chon Buri includes Ko Si Chang, Ko Khram, Ko Pai, and other islands.
2. Krabi includes Ko Lanta (actually two islands, Ko Lanta Yai and Ko Lanta Noi, constituting one district); and Phi Phi Don, Phi Phi Le, and other islands.
3. Phuket consists of one large island, Ko Phuket; and numerous smaller islands, such as Ko Yao Yai, Ko Yao Noi, Ko Sire, and Ko Kaeo Pitsadan.
4. Phangnga includes Ko Phra Thong, Ko Kho Kao, and other islands.
5. Ranong includes Ko Phayam, Ko Chang, and other islands.
6. Satun includes Ko Tarutao; the Butong Group, containing Ladang, Rawi, Tanga, and Bitsi; Ko Khao Yai, Ko Bulon Lae, Ko Laoling, and other small islands.
7. Songkhla includes Ko Yo, Ko Nu and Ko Maeo islands.
8. Surat Thani includes the islands Ko Samui, Ko Phangan, Ko Tao, Ko Nangyuan, Ko Ang Thong, etc.
9. Trang includes Ko Libong, Ko Muk, and other small islands.
10. Trat includes Ko Chang, Ko Kut, Ko Mak, and adjacent islands.

The UN LOCODE page  for Thailand lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions.

Origins of names: 

1. Bangkok: region of plum-olive trees, also known as Krung Thep: city of angels; Phra Nakhon: lord city
2. Buri Ram: city of pleasantness
3. Chai Nat: place of victory
4. Phatthalung: town of the hollow hill
5. Phuket: Malayan bukit: hill
6. Sukhothai: dawn of happiness
7. Surat Thani: city of the good people

Change history: 

1. 1912-06: Isan province split into Roi Et and Ubon Ratchathani.
2. 1915: Thailand had 83 provinces. There were some merges between then and 1950.
3. ~1959: Kalasin province split from Maha Sarakham.
4. 1972: Phra Nakhon and Thon Buri provinces merged to form Bangkok Metropolis (Krung Thep Mahanakhon).
5. 1972-10-01: Yasothon province split from Ubon Ratchathani.
6. 1977-08-28: Phayao province split from Chiang Rai.
7. 1981: Name of Prathum Thani province changed to Pathum Thani.
8. 1982-09: Mukdahan province split from Nakhon Phanom (FIPS code TH21 before the split).
9. 1993: Amnat Charoen province split from Ubon Ratchathani (former FIPS TH71); Nong Bua Lam Phu split from Udon Thani (TH19); Sa Kaeo split from Prachin Buri (TH45).
10. 2011-03-23: Bueng Kan province split from Nong Khai (former HASC code TH.NK).

Other names of subdivisions: 

Although names have to be transliterated from the Thai alphabet, they have become fairly standardized by now. Some names often appear as one word, especially Buriram and Sisaket. In older sources, Nakhon often appears as Nakhorn. The following list shows some typical variants, as well as some odd ones.

1. Chachoengsao: Chaxerngsao, Pad Rew, Paed Riu, Petrieu, Shajeun Dhrao (variant)
2. Chanthaburi: Chantaburi, Muang Chan (variant)
3. Kamphaeng Phet: Gampheang Phet, Kambhengbhej (variant)
4. Kanchanaburi: Kan Buri, Park Prag (variant)
5. Bangkok Metropolis: Krung Thep, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, Phra Nakhon-Thonburi (variant)
6. Lamphun: Hariphunchai, Lampoon (variant)
7. Nakhon Ratchasima: Khorat, Nagara Rajasima, Nakaun Rachasima (variant)
8. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Nagara Sridharmaraj, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Nakhornsrithamrat, Nakornsrithamaraj (variant)
9. Phetchaburi: Bejraburi, Petchburi, Phet Buri, Tetchburit (variant)
10. Phitsanulok: Bisnulok, Phisanulauk, Phitsnulok, Pitsanuloke (variant)
11. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya: Ayudhya, Ayutthaya, Phranakhornsri-ayuthaya (variant)
12. Prachuap Khiri Khan: Korh Luxk, Prachuab Girikhand, Prachuapkirikhan, Prachut Khirikhan (variant)
13. Samut Prakan: Pak Nam, Samudh Prakarn, Samudraprakar, Samut Phrakhan (variant)
14. Samut Sakhon: Krokkrak Maha Chai, Mahachai, Samudrasagara (variant)
15. Samut Songkhram: Mae Klong, Samudrasonggram (variant)
16. Si Sa Ket: Khukhan, Khukhandh, Srisaket (variant)
17. Sukhothai: Sawankhalokt, Sukhotai, Sukothai, Svargalok (variant)
18. Trang: Tab Tiang (variant)

Population history:

Province	1947-05-23	1960-04-25	1970-04-01	1980-04-01	1990-04-01	2000-04-01	2010-09-01
Amnat Charoen						356,556	283,732
Ang Thong	150,304	198,000	217,000	255,240	279,032	269,419	254,292
Bangkok Metropolis	827,290		2,132,000	5,153,902	5,546,937	6,355,144	8,305,218
Buri Ram	339,496	584,000	797,000	1,132,980	1,441,517	1,493,359	1,274,921
Chachoengsao	240,410	323,000	338,000	498,148	582,783	635,153	715,603
Chai Nat	171,918	245,000	256,000	330,385	356,297	359,829	305,587
Chaiyaphum	293,738	486,000	626,000	857,692	1,059,549	1,095,360	963,907
Chanthaburi	110,808	158,000	211,000	330,610	439,273	480,064	485,611
Chiang Mai	534,623	798,000	1,024,000	1,166,123	1,376,120	1,500,127	1,737,041
Chiang Rai	476,118	812,000	1,086,000	922,850	1,039,388	1,129,701	1,172,928
Chon Buri	210,329	392,000	542,000	725,407	910,570	1,040,865	1,555,358
Chumphon	118,427	175,000	235,000	330,455	397,679	446,206	467,801
Kalasin		427,000	573,000	755,274	894,985	921,366	824,538
Kamphaeng Phet	65,742	173,000	333,000	559,223	668,001	674,027	797,391
Kanchanaburi	140,164	233,000	321,000	518,927	697,750	734,394	801,519
Khon Kaen	590,664	844,000	1,025,000	1,354,855	1,681,479	1,733,434	1,741,980
Krabi	59,483	94,000	148,000	218,814	298,406	336,210	362,203
Lampang	332,276	472,000	616,000	659,433	772,635	782,152	743,143
Lamphun	180,781	250,000	318,000	353,607	417,565	413,299	412,741
Loei	134,202	211,000	326,000	449,535	551,892	607,083	546,028
Lop Buri	203,313	336,000	433,000	655,537	747,154	745,506	769,925
Mae Hong Son	66,280	81,000	104,000	132,391	172,825	210,537	209,153
Maha Sarakham	698,087	499,000	613,000	764,509	900,906	947,313	827,639
Mukdahan					288,151	310,718	357,339
Nakhon Nayok	117,547	154,000	161,000	201,230	228,981	241,081	246,868
Nakhon Pathom	268,958	370,000	411,000	561,346	657,182	815,122	943,892
Nakhon Phanom	307,172	436,000	561,000	760,319	634,966	684,444	583,726
Nakhon Ratchasima	723,237	1,095,000	1,547,000	1,916,681	2,384,252	2,556,260	2,525,975
Nakhon Sawan	373,006	648,000	758,000	976,971	1,088,213	1,090,379	992,749
Nakhon Si Thammarat	494,261	730,000	927,000	1,261,408	1,427,001	1,519,811	1,450,466
Nan	204,499	240,000	310,000	378,999	449,257	458,041	452,814
Narathiwat	166,487	266,000	326,000	441,803	565,456	662,350	670,002
Nong Bua Lam Phu						482,207	485,974
Nong Khai	144,201	257,000	442,000	673,884	879,215	883,704	821,526
Nonthaburi	135,537	196,000	254,000	386,741	668,760	816,614	1,334,083
Pathum Thani	139,339	190,000	233,000	324,468	452,693	677,649	1,327,147
Pattani	199,253	282,000	330,000	457,760	537,542	595,985	609,015
Phangnga	61,077	93,000	135,000	174,973	212,923	234,188	258,535
Phatthalung	149,431	234,000	298,000	412,265	460,626	498,471	480,976
Phayao				461,620	503,711	502,780	417,380
Phetchabun	162,730	320,000	513,000	785,238	955,467	965,784	940,076
Phetchaburi	180,509	238,000	278,000	366,612	427,985	435,377	472,589
Phichit	237,241	389,000	440,000	534,481	558,818	572,989	548,242
Phitsanulok	202,249	352,000	492,000	709,073	786,509	792,678	912,827
Phrae	213,351	299,000	365,000	446,431	493,530	492,561	427,398
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya	362,761	479,000	501,000	623,242	685,394	727,277	870,671
Phuket	49,324	76,000	100,000	133,669	168,429	249,446	525,709
Prachin Buri	217,395	335,000	421,000	631,276	877,491	406,732	546,996
Prachuap Khiri Khan	72,343	152,000	249,000	377,212	424,766	449,467	467,466
Ranong	21,488	38,000	59,000	83,707	117,440	161,210	249,017
Ratchaburi	295,534	411,000	464,000	644,746	720,157	791,217	796,748
Rayong	84,197	148,000	250,000	358,896	453,850	522,133	821,072
Roi Et	535,662	668,000	780,000	1,061,085	1,228,834	1,256,458	1,084,985
Sa Kaeo						485,632	555,961
Sakon Nakhon	273,262	427,000	598,000	776,510	974,008	1,040,766	941,810
Samut Prakan	164,227	235,000	325,000	535,858	854,883	1,028,401	1,828,694
Samut Sakhon	111,479	166,000	158,000	265,464	358,155	466,281	887,191
Samut Songkhram	124,894	162,000	159,000	196,659	206,506	204,177	185,564
Saraburi	203,562	304,000	342,000	470,655	535,160	575,053	717,054
Satun	46,514	70,000	131,000	164,740	222,768	247,875	274,863
Sing Buri	116,227	154,000	162,000	202,605	230,913	232,766	199,982
Si Sa Ket	451,576	601,000	790,000	1,082,121	1,336,161	1,405,500	1,055,980
Songkhla	349,392	500,000	621,000	849,601	1,090,083	1,255,662	1,481,021
Sukhothai	193,696	316,000	394,000	531,624	592,658	593,264	629,707
Suphan Buri	340,872	491,000	561,000	709,364	827,951	855,949	845,561
Surat Thani	208,390	325,000	434,000	593,095	738,350	869,410	1,009,351
Surin	435,370	582,000	747,000	1,035,577	1,288,503	1,327,901	1,122,900
Tak	102,193	168,000	217,000	276,994	353,803	486,146	526,382
Thon Buri	289,352	2,136,000	919,000
Trang	148,591	240,000	326,000	427,055	519,155	595,110	598,877
Trat	44,819	66,000	94,000	138,185	197,155	219,345	247,876
Ubon Ratchathani	849,451	1,131,000	1,480,000	1,560,272	1,932,052	1,691,441	1,746,790
Udon Thani	382,564	744,000	1,118,000	1,448,066	1,825,337	1,467,158	1,288,365
Uthai Thani	104,852	146,000	177,000	259,464	304,776	304,122	297,493
Uttaradit	170,844	260,000	321,000	432,995	460,516	464,474	438,578
Yala	81,471	149,000	199,000	273,866	356,904	415,537	433,167
Yasothon				458,535	527,134	561,430	487,976
Totals	17,256,840	26,260,000	34,152,000	46,961,338	56,303,273	60,913,637	65,981,659

 

Figures for Bangkok Metropolis represent only Phra Nakhon before 1980.

Sources: 

1. [1] The 2010 Population and Housing Census: Whole Kingdom. National Statistical Office, 2012. Table 1: Population by sex, household by type of household, changwat and area.